Artificial Intelligence for Mathematical Reasoning: An Integrated Survey of Language Models, Neuro-symbolic Systems, and Verified Discovery
A comprehensive survey examines the evolution of AI systems for mathematical reasoning, from early rule-based solvers to contemporary language models, neuro-symbolic systems, and verified discovery workflows. The research catalogs major benchmarks, identifies critical failure modes like reward hacking and formalization brittleness, and proposes future directions centered on efficiency and usable AI-assisted formalization.