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#medical-diagnosis News & Analysis

19 articles tagged with #medical-diagnosis. AI-curated summaries with sentiment analysis and key takeaways from 50+ sources.

19 articles
AIBullisharXiv – CS AI · Mar 277/10
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AD-CARE: A Guideline-grounded, Modality-agnostic LLM Agent for Real-world Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis with Multi-cohort Assessment, Fairness Analysis, and Reader Study

Researchers developed AD-CARE, an AI agent that uses large language models to diagnose Alzheimer's disease from incomplete medical data across multiple modalities. The system achieved 84.9% diagnostic accuracy across 10,303 cases and improved physician decision-making speed and accuracy in clinical studies.

AIBullisharXiv – CS AI · Mar 117/10
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A prospective clinical feasibility study of a conversational diagnostic AI in an ambulatory primary care clinic

Google's AMIE conversational AI successfully completed a clinical feasibility study with 100 patients at an academic medical center, demonstrating 90% accuracy in including correct diagnoses and achieving high patient satisfaction. The AI showed comparable diagnostic quality to primary care physicians while requiring no safety interventions during real-world clinical interactions.

AIBullisharXiv – CS AI · Mar 46/102
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Predicting Tuberculosis from Real-World Cough Audio Recordings and Metadata

Researchers developed an AI system that can detect tuberculosis from cough recordings with 70% accuracy using audio alone, improving to 81% when combined with clinical metadata. The study used real-world data from a phone-based app across Africa and Asia, suggesting mobile applications could enhance TB diagnosis in community health settings.

$CRV
AIBullisharXiv – CS AI · Mar 37/103
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Language Agents for Hypothesis-driven Clinical Decision Making with Reinforcement Learning

Researchers developed LA-CDM, a language agent that uses reinforcement learning to support clinical decision-making by iteratively requesting tests and generating hypotheses for diagnosis. The system was trained using a hybrid approach combining supervised and reinforcement learning, and tested on real-world data covering four abdominal diseases.

AIBullisharXiv – CS AI · Mar 37/103
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OmniCT: Towards a Unified Slice-Volume LVLM for Comprehensive CT Analysis

Researchers have developed OmniCT, a unified AI model that combines slice-level and volumetric analysis for CT scan interpretation, addressing a major limitation in medical imaging AI. The model introduces spatial consistency enhancement and organ-level semantic features, outperforming existing methods across clinical tasks.

AINeutralarXiv – CS AI · Jun 256/10
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Expresso-AI: Explainable Video-Based Deep Learning Models for Depression Diagnosis

Researchers present Expresso-AI, a framework for interpreting deep learning models trained on facial videos to diagnose depression severity. The approach combines explainability with improved predictive performance by analyzing facial regions and temporal expression patterns, addressing a critical gap in automated mental health diagnosis where current methods lack interpretability.

AINeutralarXiv – CS AI · Jun 235/10
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Machine Learning Classification of Cryopathy Syndromes: A Comprehensive Comparative Study

Researchers developed and compared machine learning models to automatically classify cryopathy syndromes from laboratory data, addressing clinical challenges caused by overlapping diagnostic patterns and rare diagnoses. A soft-voting ensemble combining Random Forest and Gradient Boosted Trees achieved the best performance, with tree-based methods substantially outperforming neural networks for this medical classification task.

AINeutralarXiv – CS AI · Jun 96/10
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AeroSpectra Sentinel: An Auditable LLM Prompt-Chaining Decision-Support Workflow for Acute Asthma Risk Assessment from Respiratory Sounds and Clinical Signals

AeroSpectra Sentinel is a research prototype that combines STFT audio analysis, machine learning, and LLM prompt-chaining to assist in acute asthma risk assessment from respiratory sounds and clinical signals. Evaluated on respiratory sound datasets, the system achieved up to 91.10% binary accuracy with random forest models, while structured prompting with guardrails and FHIR validation showed strongest safety consistency in simulated clinical scenarios.

AINeutralarXiv – CS AI · May 285/10
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GraD-IBD: Graph Representation Learning from Diagnosis Trajectories for Early Detection of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Researchers propose GraD-IBD, a graph-based machine learning model that analyzes patient diagnosis histories encoded in ICD codes to detect inflammatory bowel disease risk earlier and more efficiently than existing sequential models. The approach reformulates longitudinal diagnostic trajectories as temporally directed graphs with a novel message-passing mechanism, demonstrating improved accuracy while reducing computational complexity.

AIBullisharXiv – CS AI · Mar 126/10
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Emulating Clinician Cognition via Self-Evolving Deep Clinical Research

Researchers developed DxEvolve, a self-evolving AI diagnostic system that mimics clinical reasoning through interactive workflows and continuous learning. The system achieved 90.4% diagnostic accuracy on benchmarks, comparable to human clinicians at 88.8%, and showed significant improvements over traditional AI models.

AIBullisharXiv – CS AI · Mar 37/108
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CARE: Towards Clinical Accountability in Multi-Modal Medical Reasoning with an Evidence-Grounded Agentic Framework

Researchers introduce CARE, an evidence-grounded agentic framework for medical AI that improves clinical accountability by decomposing tasks into specialized modules rather than using black-box models. The system achieves 10.9% better accuracy than state-of-the-art models by incorporating explicit visual evidence and coordinated reasoning that mimics clinical workflows.

AIBullisharXiv – CS AI · Mar 37/1010
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MedCollab: Causal-Driven Multi-Agent Collaboration for Full-Cycle Clinical Diagnosis via IBIS-Structured Argumentation

Researchers have developed MedCollab, a multi-agent AI framework that uses structured argumentation and causal reasoning to improve clinical diagnosis accuracy. The system outperforms traditional LLMs by reducing medical hallucinations and providing more transparent, clinically compliant diagnostic processes through hierarchical consultation workflows.

AIBullisharXiv – CS AI · Mar 36/106
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Linking Knowledge to Care: Knowledge Graph-Augmented Medical Follow-Up Question Generation

Researchers developed KG-Followup, a knowledge graph-augmented large language model system that generates medical follow-up questions for pre-diagnostic assessment. The system combines structured medical domain knowledge with LLMs to improve clinical diagnosis efficiency, outperforming existing methods by 5-8% in recall benchmarks.

AINeutralarXiv – CS AI · Feb 276/103
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CXReasonAgent: Evidence-Grounded Diagnostic Reasoning Agent for Chest X-rays

Researchers developed CXReasonAgent, a diagnostic AI agent that combines large language models with clinical diagnostic tools to provide evidence-based chest X-ray analysis. The system addresses limitations of current vision-language models that generate plausible but ungrounded medical diagnoses, introducing a new benchmark with 1,946 diagnostic dialogues.

AINeutralarXiv – CS AI · Mar 95/10
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Computational Pathology in the Era of Emerging Foundation and Agentic AI -- International Expert Perspectives on Clinical Integration and Translational Readiness

This academic review examines the integration of foundation models and AI agents in computational pathology for medical applications. While AI shows promising performance in diagnosis and treatment prediction tasks, real-world clinical adoption remains limited due to economic, technical, and regulatory challenges.