Property-Driven Evaluation of GNN Expressiveness at Scale: Datasets, Framework, and Study

Researchers developed a comprehensive evaluation framework for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) using formal specification methods, creating 336 new datasets to test GNN expressiveness across 16 fundamental graph properties. The study reveals that no single pooling approach consistently performs well across all properties, with attention-based pooling excelling in generalization while second-order pooling provides better sensitivity.